Determining the distance and circumstances of the shot in modern conditions

Abstract

The article is devoted to the study of the possibility, through the study of the presence, location and shape of traces of additional factors of the shot, to find out the distance and circumstances of the incident. Today, against the backdrop of military aggression and crimes against the life and health of people, both military and civilian, these data are essential to collect evidence of the insidious actions of the enemy on the territory of sovereign Ukraine. In the course of the work, an analysis of the special literature on the methods of studying gunshot wounds and determining the distances of a shot was carried out to establish the circumstances of the incident at the scene of the incident and during the forensic medical examination. These are the works of A.I. Gerasimenko (1997), V.I. Kononenko (2003), A.V. Filipchuk (2010), A.A. Babanin, V.D. Mishalov, A.V. Belovitsky, A.Yu Skrebkova (2012), A.Kh. Zavalnyuk (2016) and others. The term “additional shot factors” or “shot related factors” means everything that flies out of the bore of a firearm during a shot, except for a bullet. The author gives signs of gunshot injuries from different shot distances: close (dense and loose), close and not close. The characteristics of the wound when fired through an obstacle are given, determined by the presence of deposits of foreign particles (fragments of the obstacle) around the entrance wound and in its depth and signs of deformation of the firearm, the elongated shape of the entrance wound or the multiple (debris-ball) nature of the wound with a radial direction, as well as a very large amount of damage due to secondary projectiles. Damages on various materials of clothing are analyzed when shots are close, close and not close distances. The features of soot deposition in the Vinogradov phenomenon are considered. Therefore, it should be noted that additional factors of the shot determine its distance, and the presence, location and shape of their marks on clothing and body helps to clarify the circumstances of the incident. Awareness in these matters makes it easier to conduct an inspection of the scene and makes it possible to more accurately provide forensic medical examination questions in the case of gunshot injuries.