Structural reconstruction of lymph nodes during long-term high-calorie diet and correction with melatonin
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32782/2415-8127.2023.68.35Keywords:
food supplement, high-calorie diet, obesity, cortical substance, medullary substance, melatoninAbstract
Overweight and obesity are one of the most widespread and pressing problems of society. Most often, these conditions are caused by the consumption of calories in excessive quantities, which is facilitated by the presence of food additives in ready-made food products. The aim of the study was to study the structural reconstruction of lymph nodes during a long-term high-calorie diet and its correction with melatonin. Materials and methods. The study was conducted on 66 white male rats of reproductive age. The structural organization of mesenteric lymph nodes of white male rats under normal conditions was studied on 10 intact animals. Experimental animals are divided into four groups. A high-calorie diet was achieved by adding monosodium glutamate to the diet of animals at a dose of 0.07 g/kg of rat body weight. The dose of melatonin was 10 mg/kg of rat body weight. Histological and electron microscopic research methods were used. Research results. The morphological structure of mesenteric lymph nodes in the group of intact and control animals corresponded to the norm for this age, and at the end of the research, no deviations from the norm were observed. It was found that after six and eight weeks of exposure to a high-calorie diet, experimental animals develop obesity, and destructive-degenerative changes occur in the parenchyma of the mesenteric lymph nodes. After six weeks of exposure to monosodium glutamate followed by four weeks use of melatonin, it was found that all structural changes in the lymph nodes were less pronounced than in the group of animals that received monosodium glutamate for six weeks. After eight weeks of exposure to sodium glutamate followed by four weeks of melatonin, the changes are somewhat less pronounced than in the group of animals that received eight weeks of monosodium glutamate, but all signs indicate deep structural changes in the parenchyma of the organ. Conclusions. The effectiveness of the correction of changes with the help of melatonin depends on the duration of exposure to a high- calorie diet, after eight weeks, deep destructive-degenerative changes in structural components develop, which are only partially corrected, in contrast to the exposure period lasting six weeks.
References
Escobedo N, Oliver G. The Lymphatic Vasculature: Its Role in Adipose Metabolism and Obesity. Cell metabolism. 2017;26(4):598-609. doi: 10.1016/j.cmet.2017.07.020
Kalmykova O, Dzerzhynsky M. The effects of melatonin administration in different times of day on the brown adipose tissue in rats with high-calorie diet-induced obesity. Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Series: Biology. 2019;77:55-61. doi 10.1111/jpi.12075
Bautista RJH, Mahmoud AM, Kоnigsberg M, Guerrero NELD. Obesity: Pathophysiology, monosodium glutamate-induced model and anti-obesity medicinal plants. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy. 2019;111:503-16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2018.12.108
Farias TSM, Cruz MM, Sa RCC, Severi I, Perugini J, Senzacqua M, et al. Melatonin Supplementation Decreases Hypertrophic Obesity and Inflammation Induced by High-Fat Diet in Mice. Front Endocrinol. 2019;10:750. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00750
Bibik EY, Shipilova NV, Demenko AV. Melatonin as an effective pharmacocorrector of alimentary obesity resulting from a long-therm excessive of intake of palm oil. Research Result: Pharmacology and and Clinical Pharmacology. 2018;4(1):51-8.
Leigh SJ, Morris MJ. The role of reward circuitry and food addiction in the obesity epidemic: An update. Biol Psychol. 2018;131:31-42. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2016.12.013
Bhandari U. Effect of Embelin in Monosodium Glutamate Induced Obesity in Male Neonatalх Wistar Rats. Atheroscler. Suppl. 2018;32:138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atherosclerosissup.2018.04.423
Contini MC, Fabro A, Millen N, Benmelej A, Mahieu S. Adverse effects in kidney function, antioxidant systems and histopathology in rats receiving monosodium glutamate diet. Experimental and Toxicologic Pathology. 2017;69(7):547-56. doi: 10.1016/j.etp.2017.03.003
Krynytska I, Marushchak M, Naumova L, Mazur L. The Toxic Impact of Monosodium Glutamate in Rats. J Med J. 2019;53(2):91-101.
Zanfirescu A, Cristea AN, Nitulescu GM, Velescu BS, Gradinaru D. Chronic Monosodium Glutamate Administration Induced Hyperalgesia in Mice. Nutrients. 2018;10:1. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10010001
Streich K, Smoczek M, Hegermann J, Dittrich-Breiholz O, Bornemann M, Siebert A, et al. Dietary lipids accumulate in macrophages and stromal cells and change the microarchitecture of mesenteric lymph nodes. Journal of Advanced Research. 2020;24:291-300. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jare.2020.04.020
Demchenko GA, Abdreshov SN, Nurmakhanova BA. Contractile Activity of Lymph Nodes in Young, Middle-Aged, and Old Rats. Bull Exp Biol Med. 2019;67:194-7. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10517-019-04489-x
Baburina YL, Odinokova IV, Krestinina OV. The proapoptotic effect of melatonin on the functioning of the nonspecific mitochondrial pore (mptp) in rat mitochondria. Neurochem J. 2019;13:156-63. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1819712419020028
Cardinali DP, Brown GM, Pandi-Perumal SR. Can Melatonin Be a Potential "Silver Bullet" in Treating COVID-19 Patients? Diseases. 2020;8(4):44. doi: 10.3390/diseases8040044
Herrera EA, Gonzalez-Candia A. Comment on Melatonin as a potential adjuvant treatment for COVID-19. Life Sciences. 2020;253:117739. doi: 10.1016/j. lfs.2020.117739
Tan D, Manchester L, Qin L, Reiter R. Melatonin: A Mitochondrial Targeting Molecule Involving Mitochondrial Protection and Dynamics. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2016;17(12):2124. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms17122124
Amaral FGD, Andrade-Silva J, Kuwabara W, Cipolla-Neto J. New insights into the function of melatonin and its role in metabolic disturbances. Expert Review of Endocrinology & Metabolism. 2019;14(4):299-303. doi: 10.1080/17446651.2019.1631158
