Lyme disease – clinical course features (literature overview)

Abstract

Relevance. Infectious diseases have always been and remain relevant throughout the history of mankind. In particular, in recent years, the number of cases of zoonotic anthropogenic diseases, the pathogens of which are transmitted mainly through tick bites, has increased. The epidemiological situation with regard to such infections as Lyme borreliosis and tick-borne encephalitis changes every year. With the growing popularity of tourism, these infections are becoming a problem outside of endemic regions. An increasing number of cases of these diseases unrelated to occupational risk factors are being registered, which attracts attention and requires a review of attitudes towards these diseases, deeper research and study of their pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnostic and treatment methods, as well as the search for and application of the most effective prevention methods.The main goal of the study: is to depict both typical and atypical clinical features of Lyme’s disease, while briefly mentioning its’ preven- tion measures, diagnosis and treatment, using a variety of recently published literature.Materials and methods: the article uses the bibliographic method and is a review of existing works on PubMed and Google Scholar, as well as other on-topic literature.Research results and their discussion: аnalysed information from modern foreign and domestic sources. The data obtained indicate the relevance of the chosen topic. Due to the fact that in Ukraine in recent years less attention has been paid to pest control, due to insufficient fund- ing for this sector and attempts to eliminate the sanitary and epidemiological link, the amount of insects carrying the pathogens of the above diseases is growing year by year. City parks and some courtyards adjacent to houses are dangerous to visit. This problem becomes especially acute from May to October every year. An analysis of foreign sources has shown a significant spread of Lyme borreliosis in economically developed countries, namely Switzerland, Italy, Germany, and the Czech Republic. Of course, this is due to the complexity of disinfestation and the lack of government programmes for insect extermination.Conclusions: So, the imperfection of the preventive link, namely sanitary and educational measures, the severity of these diseases, com- plications both after the diseases and after their treatment. All this prompts us to look for ways to solve these problems in order to prevent the emergence of new cases and improve treatment measures.