Periodontal pathology in systemic lupus erythomus
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32782/2415-8127.2023.67.18Keywords:
periodontium, systemic lupus erythematosus, periodontitis, autoimmune process.Abstract
Introduction. Periodontal disease (PD), including gingivitis and periodontitis, is a very common disease worldwide. The prevalence of gingivitis ranges from 38% to 85%. There is increasing evidence that oral dysbiosis as well as periodontitis-related pathogens may be involved in the pathophysiology of autoimmune inflammatory diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Methods. Based on the analysis of scientific sources, establish the main pathological aspects of periodontal damage in SLE. Results. The clinical picture of the condition of peri-dental tissues in SLE was represented by a polymorphic combination characterized by hypertrophic and catarrhal lesions of the periodontium in acute and subacute stages of periodontitis, which is mostly untreatable without correcting the therapy of the underlying disease. The X-ray picture was characterized by thinning of the top of the interdental septa (especially the compact bone plate) and diffuse osteoporosis of the bone tissue. Gross destructive bone resorption is uncharacteristic for SLE. At the same time, radiological changes in the bone tissue of the jaws, as a rule, were uniform throughout the alveolar edge, which indicated the simultaneous involvement in the process in the entire area and the systemic (caused by the main rheumatic disease) genesis of periodontal changes. The results of studies of periodontal tissues showed that patients with SLE do not have a big difference in the values of hygiene indices and gum condition, but have low periodontal indices due to the smaller depth of periodontal pockets compared to the group of somatically healthy patients. Researchers explain this fact mainly by the effects of long-term use of hormonal drugs and, possibly, the lower pathogenicity of the microflora of the oral cavity. Conclusions. SLE affects the periodontium. In most cases, periodontitis with SLE has a hypertrophic and catarrhal character with more pronounced bleeding and granulations from periodontal pockets.
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