Structural remodeling of the spleen parenchyma during cellular dehydration
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32782/2415-8127.2023.68.36Keywords:
dehydration, white pulp, red pulp, lymphocytes, macrophages, vesselsAbstract
Dehydration is one of the most dangerous conditions for human and animal bodies. The aim of the study was to study the structural reorganization of the spleen parenchyma under conditions of cellular dehydration of varying degrees. Materials and methods. The study was conducted on 60 white male rats of mature age. Histological, immunohistochemical and electron microscopic research methods were used. Experimental animals are divided into three groups of 10 animals. Animals that were simulated mild cellular dehydration received a 1.2% hypertonic solution of table salt as a drink and granulated compound feed for 10 days (first group), medium degree – 20 days (second group), severe degree – 30 days (third group). Control animals received the standard drinking and food ration of the vivarium for 10, 20 and 30 days, respectively (10 animals each). Research results. It was found that after 10 days of cellular dehydration, the red pulp of the spleen is somewhat full of blood, single cells with signs of apoptosis at various stages, many pre-apoptotic cells, and at the same time many cells in the state of mitosis appear. After 20 days of cellular dehydration, lymphoid nodules are medium or large in size, with expanded T- and B-zones, T-zones of nodules often have a "starry sky" pattern, all vessels of the hemomicrocirculatory channel undergo structural changes. Many cells in various stages of apoptosis, as well as cells in the state of mitosis, a large number of active macrophages, plasma cells and polysegmental nuclear neutrophils, the phenomenon of vacuolization of the cytoplasm of cells is frequent. After 30 days of cellular dehydration, the histological picture of spleen parenchyma sections is characterized by areas of lightening. Many cells have an electron-dense nucleus and cytoplasm, reduced in size, areas of vacuolation appear in the cytoplasm, which are lysed organelles. Conclusions. After 10 days of cellular dehydration, the changes in the parenchyma of the spleen are not pronounced and isolated. After 20 days, changes appear both in the cellular component of the spleen parenchyma and in the vessels of the hemomicrocirculatory channel. After 30 days, there are all signs of profound structural and functional changes.
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