Functional disorders of the gastrointestinal tract in young children (literature review)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32782/2415-8127.2023.68.33Keywords:
functional disorders, young children, Roman consensus, treatment, preventionAbstract
Functional gastrointestinal digestive disorders in children remain a problem for pediatricians and gastroenterologists, despite the large volume of information on this issue. According to modern data, this is a disorder of the digestive organs’ function, associated with a change in their regulation, accompanied by a diverse combination of persistent or recurrent gastrointestinal symptoms without structural or biochemical disorders. According to the literature, during the first year of life, about half of children have at least one of the symptoms of functional disorders of the gastrointestinal tract. The most common forms of FGDD in children of the first years of life are infant regurgitation, infant colic, bowel movements frequency disorders. The literature was analyzed and the data of various authors were presented on the etiopathogenesis of the main functional disorders of the gastrointestinal tract, which is based on the anatomical and physiological features of the child's body and disorders on of vegetative and humoral regulation; approaches to the diagnosis of these disorders, which are mainly based on the child’s clinical symptoms. It must be remembered that despite the functional nature of the pathology, children with intensively occurring functional disorders at an early age may have diseases of the gastrointestinal tract in the future, as well as worsen the quality of life of the child and the family. This determines the need for their timely diagnosis and treatment. The special attention of primary care doctors should be directed to the so-called "red flags", the presence of which may indicate an organic pathology and, in some cases, require the use of additional diagnostic methods and emergency therapy. According to modern literature, the main method of treating these states is nutritional correction, which leads to the elimination of the causes of various functional digestive disorders. The use of drug therapy according to modern recommendations should be limited. In addition, it is very important to carry out explanatory work with parents regarding these disorders, to provide them with psychological support.
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